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Related Concept Videos

What is the Skeletal System?01:02

What is the Skeletal System?

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Overview
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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
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Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Exercise and Muscle Performance01:27

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Exercise induces a range of adaptations in muscle tissue, depending on the type and duration of activity. Such physical training can be broadly categorized into two types: endurance exercises and resistance exercises.
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The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2025

The Creation of a Rat Model for Osteosarcopenia via Ovariectomy
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The Creation of a Rat Model for Osteosarcopenia via Ovariectomy

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Sarcopenia: how to determine and manage.

Jun Young Chung1, Sang-Gyun Kim2, Seong Hwan Kim3

  • 1Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Ajou University, 164, World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Korea.

Knee Surgery & Related Research
|March 18, 2025
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Sarcopenia, a loss of muscle mass and strength due to aging, affects physical function. Prevention through lifestyle and management via exercise and nutrition are key, especially for knee health.

Keywords:
DiagnosisManagementMusclePreventionSarcopenia

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology and Geriatrics
  • Musculoskeletal Health
  • Aging Research

Background:

  • Sarcopenia, age-related muscle loss, impacts physical function and is increasingly prevalent in aging populations.
  • Understanding sarcopenia's definition, epidemiology, causes, and pathogenesis is crucial for effective interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of sarcopenia, covering its multifaceted aspects.
  • To highlight the importance of sarcopenia management in relation to knee joint health and osteoarthritis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review synthesizing current knowledge on sarcopenia.
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria, preventive strategies, and management approaches.

Main Results:

  • Sarcopenia is characterized by reduced muscle mass, strength, and physical performance, with prevalence up to 50% in the elderly.
  • Causes include neurodegeneration, poor nutrition, hormonal changes, inflammation, and reduced satellite cell activity.
  • Diagnosis relies on assessing muscle mass, strength, and physical performance.

Conclusions:

  • Sarcopenia is a significant pathological condition in older adults, preventable by a healthy lifestyle.
  • Management focuses on resistance exercise and nutritional support; personalized approaches are needed.
  • Effective sarcopenia management aids in preventing and treating knee osteoarthritis.