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Gut Microbiota-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Influence Alcohol Intake Preferences in Rats.

Macarena Díaz-Ubilla¹, Aliosha I Figueroa-Valdés², Hugo E Tobar²

¹Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.

Journal of Extracellular Vesicles

|March 18, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Gut bacteria communicate via bacterial extracellular vesicles (bEVs), which can transmit high alcohol consumption between rats. This effect is mediated by the vagus nerve, independent of inflammation.

Keywords:

addictive behaviour alcohol consumption bEVs bacterial vesicles gut microbiota inflammation microbiota‐derived EVs vagus nerve

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Area of Science:

Microbiology
Neuroscience
Gastroenterology

Background:

Gut microbiota dysbiosis is linked to alcohol use disorders.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate bacterial communication, but their role in addiction is unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate the role of gut microbiota-derived bacterial extracellular vesicles (bEVs) in driving high alcohol consumption.
Determine the mechanism of bEV-induced alcohol intake.

Main Methods:

Isolated bEVs from high alcohol-drinking (UChB) rats and administered them to alcohol-rejecting Wistar rats.
Assessed alcohol consumption using a three-bottle choice test.
Performed molecular analysis and vagotomy to investigate mechanisms.

Main Results:

UChB-derived bEVs increased Wistar rats' alcohol consumption up to 10-fold.
bEV administration did not cause systemic or brain inflammation.
Vagotomy abolished the bEV-induced increase in alcohol consumption, indicating vagus nerve mediation.

Conclusions:

Gut microbiota-derived bEVs can transmit high alcohol drinking behavior between rat strains.
The effect is mediated by the vagus nerve through an inflammation-independent pathway.
bEVs represent a novel mechanism in gut microbiota-associated alcohol intake.