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  11. Effect Of A Daily Outdoor Access On The Urination And Defecation Behaviors And Nitrogen Excretion By Lactating Cows

Effect of a daily outdoor access on the urination and defecation behaviors and nitrogen excretion by lactating cows

Lucia Bailoni1, Sheyla Arango1, Nadia Guzzo1

  • 1Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy.

Frontiers in Veterinary Science
|March 18, 2025

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View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Extending outdoor access for lactating cows from 2 to 4 hours daily did not change hourly nitrogen excretion. However, total nitrogen output increased, impacting stocking density recommendations under EU manure nitrogen limits.

Area of Science:

  • Animal Science
  • Environmental Science
  • Agricultural Engineering

Background:

  • Lactating cows' waste management is crucial for environmental sustainability.
  • EU directives limit manure nitrogen to 170 kg N/ha/year.
  • Understanding nitrogen excretion based on outdoor access duration is vital for compliance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess urination and defecation frequency in lactating cows with varying outdoor access durations (2 vs. 4 hours).
  • To quantify nitrogen excretion (urine, feces, total) in relation to outdoor access time.
  • To estimate maximum stocking rates per hectare considering EU nitrogen limitations.

Main Methods:

  • Six Italian Simmental lactating cows were housed in a free-stall system.
  • A crossover design was used with three treatments: no outdoor access, 2-hour daily access (U2), and 4-hour daily access (U4).
Keywords:
animal managementdaily exitdairy cattleexternal paddock

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  • Data collection spanned 6 weeks, evaluating urination/defecation frequency and nitrogen content in excreta.

    • Main Results:

    • Urination and defecation rates per hour were not significantly affected by outdoor access duration.
    • Nitrogen content in urine (0.42%) and feces (1.96%) remained consistent across treatments.
    • Total nitrogen output per cow increased significantly with longer outdoor access (22.68 g/h for U2 vs. 44.07 g/h for U4).

    Conclusions:

    • The duration of daily outdoor access (2 vs. 4 hours) did not influence hourly nitrogen excretion rates per cow.
    • Increased total nitrogen output with longer outdoor access necessitates adjustments in stocking density.
    • Calculations suggest maximum stocking rates of 21 cows/ha for 2-hour access and 11 cows/ha for 4-hour access to meet EU nitrogen limits.
    welfare