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Clinical Profile and Long-Term Outcomes of Scrub Typhus Meningoencephalitis in Children

Hricha Mishra1, Chandra Kanta1, Amita Jain2

  • 1Pediatrics, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND.

Cureus
|March 18, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Scrub typhus causes acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) in children. Most children recover fully after one year, but a small percentage experience long-term neurological deficits.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Scrub typhus is a significant cause of acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) in pediatric populations in northern India.
  • Long-term outcomes of scrub typhus meningoencephalitis in children remain understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the clinical profile of scrub typhus meningoencephalitis in children.
  • To assess the long-term neurological outcomes in pediatric patients following scrub typhus infection.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective observational study conducted in Uttar Pradesh, India (August 2018 - October 2020).
  • AES patients (0.3 months - 14 years) tested for scrub typhus via serum IgM ELISA and PCR (CSF/PBMC).
  • Positive cases followed for one year to evaluate neurological sequelae.

Main Results:

  • 78 out of 264 children (29.5%) tested positive for scrub typhus.
  • Common neurological symptoms included altered sensorium (89.74%) and seizures (88.46%).
  • Mortality was 10.25%; of 67 followed-up patients, 89.55% fully recovered, while 10.45% had neurological sequelae.

Conclusions:

  • Scrub typhus is a primary cause of AES in children.
  • A small proportion of pediatric scrub typhus cases result in significant long-term neurological sequelae.
Abstract

Keywords:
acute encephalitis syndrome (aes)childrenclinical presentationmeningoencephalitisoutcomescrub typhus

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