Advanced Interphases Layers for Dendrite-Free Sodium Metal Anodes

Sodium (Na) metal anode is considered the cornerstone of next-generation energy storage technology, owing to its high theoretical capacity and cost-effectiveness. However, the development of Na metal batteries is hindered by the instability and nonuniformity of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and notorious formation of Na dendrites. Recently, various advanced artificial interphase designs have been developed to control notorious dendrite growth and stabilize the SEI layer. In this Review, we provide a comprehensive overview of artificial interphase designs, focusing on inorganic interphase layer, organic interphase layer, and hybrid inorganic/organic interphase layer, all aimed at inhibiting the notorious Na dendrites growth. Finally, future interphase engineering strategies are also envisioned to offer new insights into the optimization of Na anodes.