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A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2025

Microparticle Manipulation by Standing Surface Acoustic Waves with Dual-frequency Excitations

Microparticle Manipulation by Standing Surface Acoustic Waves with Dual-frequency Excitations

Published on: August 21, 2018

Manipulation of an acoustically levitated object using externally excited standing waves.

M Akbarzadeh¹, S Oberst¹, B Halkon¹

¹Centre for Audio, Acoustics and Vibration, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

|March 18, 2025

Summary

This study explores how disturbing ultrasonic standing waves affects levitated objects. We found that controlling the disturbance allows for precise manipulation and dynamic characterization of small objects using acoustic radiation forces.

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Area of Science:

Acoustics
Fluid Dynamics
Materials Science

Background:

Ultrasonic standing waves enable manipulation of levitated objects via acoustic radiation forces.
The Gor'kov potential function and acoustic contrast factor are key theoretical tools for understanding these interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the influence of harmonic disturbances on ultrasonic standing waves and their effect on levitated spherical objects.
To determine the dependence of the acoustic contrast factor on object properties, fluid characteristics, and external excitation.
To explore novel applications in acoustic manipulation for dynamic characterization.

Main Methods:

Revisiting the theory of the Gor'kov potential function.
Analyzing the acoustic contrast factor under harmonic disturbance conditions.
Experimental verification using an externally excited ultrasonic standing wave generator.

Main Results:

Levitated objects oscillate in sympathy with the disturbed wave field.
Achieved positive, negative, and zero acoustic radiation forces, directing objects to pressure or velocity nodes.
Demonstrated transmission of disturbance vibration frequency and amplitude to the object.

Conclusions:

The acoustic contrast factor is dependent on object, fluid, and excitation properties.
External excitation amplitude and force reversal are novel features for acoustic manipulation.
This work enables non-contact dynamic characterization of small objects through controlled acoustic disturbances.