Targeting ferroptosis for the treatment of female reproductive system disorders

Ferroptosis, a regulated form of cell death driven by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, has emerged as a critical factor in female reproductive health and has been implicated in disorders such as polycystic ovary syndrome, premature ovarian insufficiency, endometriosis, and ovarian cancer. This review explores the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying ferroptosis, emphasizing its reliance on iron metabolism and oxidative stress, which disrupt key processes in reproductive tissues, including granulosa cell function, folliculogenesis, and embryo implantation. Increasing evidence linking ferroptosis to these conditions offers new therapeutic opportunities, with iron chelators, lipid peroxidation inhibitors, and antioxidants showing the potential to alleviate reproductive dysfunction by modulating ferroptotic pathways. In ovarian cancer, ferroptosis inducers combined with conventional cancer therapies, such as chemotherapy, provide promising strategies to overcome drug resistance. This review synthesizes current knowledge on ferroptosis and highlights its importance as a therapeutic target in reproductive health, emphasizing the need for further research to refine and expand treatment options, evaluate their applicability in clinical settings, and explore their role in fertility preservation. By advancing our understanding of ferroptosis regulation, these therapeutic approaches could lead to novel treatments for reproductive disorders and cancers, offering new hope for improving outcomes in women's health and cancer therapy.