Immune Memory: A New Frontier in Treating Recurrent Inflammatory Skin Diseases

The recurrence of inflammatory skin diseases represents a significant challenge in clinical practice, primarily mediated by immune memory. In inflammatory skin diseases, immune memory encompasses adaptive immune memory, trained immunity, and inflammatory memory, which are conducted by adaptive immune cells, innate immune cells, and structural cells, respectively. Adaptive immune memory is established through gene rearrangement, leading to antigen-specific immune memory. In contrast, trained immunity and inflammatory memory are formed through epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming, resulting in non-specific immune memory. Different types of immune memory work synergistically to aggravate localized inflammation in recurrent inflammatory skin diseases. However, immune memory in specific cells, such as macrophages, may also play an immunoregulatory role under certain conditions. We reviewed the immune memory mechanisms in different inflammatory skin diseases and discussed future strategies for targeted regulation of the molecular mechanisms underlying immune memory, such as targeted biological agents and epigenetic modifications. Additionally, we explored the potential for precise regulation of immune memory and its application in personalized treatment for recurrent inflammatory skin diseases.