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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

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Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
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Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

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Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
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Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
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DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
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The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
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LTR Retrotransposons03:08

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LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
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Real-Time Quantification of the Effects of IS200/IS605 Family-Associated TnpB on Transposon Activity
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Polymorphic transposable elements contribute to variation in recombination landscapes.

Yuheng Huang1, Zita Y Gao1, Kayla Ly1

  • 1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|March 18, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transposable elements (TEs), or selfish genetic elements, actively reduce meiotic recombination rates. This discovery reveals how the dynamic TE landscape shapes genome evolution and influences recombination maps within and between species.

Keywords:
epigenetic silencinglong-read sequencingpolymorphismrecombinationtransposable elements

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Meiotic recombination influences genome evolution, with its varying rates a persistent question.
  • Negative correlations between transposable element (TE) abundance and recombination rates are common, but the causal relationship is debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of polymorphic, active transposable elements (TEs) on meiotic recombination rates.
  • To determine if TEs are a cause or consequence of observed correlations with recombination rates.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a method using PacBio long-read sequencing to identify crossovers (COs) in pooled recombinant individuals.
  • Applied this method to Drosophila strains with different TE profiles.
  • Utilized orthogonal approaches including recombinant inbred lines and isogenic strains.

Main Results:

  • Polymorphic TEs, particularly RNA-based and epigenetically marked TEs, were found to reduce CO occurrence.
  • Homologous sequences with and without TEs exhibited different CO frequencies, leading to individual-specific CO maps.
  • TEs actively modify recombination patterns, impacting genome evolution.

Conclusions:

  • Transposable elements actively suppress meiotic recombination.
  • The dynamic TE landscape is a significant factor in shaping genome evolution and recombination patterns within and across species.