Imaging Derived Holograms Improve Surgical Outcome in Inexperienced Surgeons: A Meta-Analysis

BackgroundMixed reality (MR) is an emerging technology that has been employed in medicine, providing a holographic representation of patient anatomy.PurposeThe aim of this review is to examine the use of imaging-derived holograms in the management of musculoskeletal conditions.Research DesingA literature search was performed on PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar up to June 2023, a total of 31 studies were included. A random-effects model was employed for the meta-analysis.ResultsMR has been extensively used in orthopedic surgery, spinal surgery, and interventional procedures for pain management. A 3D model is derived from DICOM images and superimposed on the surgical field. The procedure's accuracy has yielded remarkable results, especially for operators with less surgical experience. Furthermore, this technology minimises the need for intra-procedure imaging, thus reducing radiation exposure.ConclusionThe meta-analysis showed an impact of MR in reducing operatory time and improving inexperienced surgeons' accuracy.