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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Pertussis (whooping cough) remains a significant public health concern due to waning vaccine-induced immunity.
  • The COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent easing of restrictions impacted the epidemiological situation of pertussis.
  • Effective pertussis prevention relies on timely childhood immunization, adult booster doses, and maternal vaccination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the 2022 pertussis epidemiological situation in Poland.
  • To compare 2022 pertussis incidence with previous years.
  • To evaluate the pandemic's impact and assess childhood vaccination status.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of individual pertussis case reports from the Epibaza system (NIPH NIH - NRI).
  • Review of annual bulletins on infectious diseases and vaccinations in Poland.
  • Data compilation from "Infectious diseases and poisonings in Poland" and "Vaccinations in Poland in 2022".

Main Results:

  • 371 pertussis cases were recorded in 2022, a 104% increase from 2021, with an incidence of 0.98/100,000.
  • Highest incidence observed in children aged 0-4 years (6.7/100,000) and 5-9 years (2.0/100,000).
  • Over 51% of cases were in individuals >15 years; 41% required hospitalization. Childhood vaccination rate at 2 years was 94.3%.

Conclusions:

  • The rise in pertussis cases in 2022 is linked to eased social contact restrictions.
  • A potential for future compensatory epidemics exists due to increased susceptible individuals.
  • Maintaining population-wide vaccination coverage above 95% is essential for pertussis prevention.