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Infectious diseases in Poland in 2022.

Magdalena Rosinska1, Mirosław P Czarkowski1, Małgorzata Sadkowska-Todys1

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Summary

Infectious disease incidence in Poland returned to pre-pandemic levels in 2022, with COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) mortality decreasing significantly. The influx of refugees from Ukraine had a minimal impact on most disease rates.

Keywords:
2022PolandPolskaUkrainian migrantschoroby zakaźneepidemiologiaepidemiologyinfectious diseasesmigranci z Ukrainyrok 2022

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic and the 2022 influx of refugees from Ukraine presented unique challenges to Poland's public health surveillance.
  • Understanding the epidemiological situation is crucial for effective public health interventions and resource allocation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the 2022 epidemiological situation of infectious diseases in Poland.
  • To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the Ukrainian refugee crisis on disease incidence and mortality.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of published surveillance reports and national infectious disease register data (Epibaza).
  • Inclusion of mortality data from Statistics Poland.
  • Comparison of 2022 incidence data with historical medians (2016-2020) and previous years.

Main Results:

  • COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) cases and deaths decreased significantly compared to 2021, though it remained a leading cause of infectious disease mortality.
  • Incidence of influenza, chickenpox, and Lyme disease aligned with pre-pandemic medians.
  • Notable increases in tick-borne encephalitis, Clostridioides difficile, norovirus, invasive pneumococcal disease, and sexually transmitted infections were observed.
  • Migrants from Ukraine contributed to increased diagnoses of HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B and C, tuberculosis, measles, and rubella, representing significant percentages of new cases for these diseases.

Conclusions:

  • Most infectious diseases showed increased incidence in 2022, returning to pre-pandemic trends.
  • The overall impact of the Ukrainian refugee influx on most disease rates in Poland was limited.
  • Continued surveillance is essential to monitor disease trends and the health of migrant populations.