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Infectious diseases in Poland in 2022
Magdalena Rosinska1, Mirosław P Czarkowski1, Małgorzata Sadkowska-Todys1
1Zakład Epidemiologii Chorób Zakaźnych i Nadzoru, Narodowy Instytut Zdrowia Publicznego PZH - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy.
Przeglad Epidemiologiczny
|March 18, 2025
Summary
Infectious disease incidence in Poland returned to pre-pandemic levels in 2022, with COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) mortality decreasing significantly. The influx of refugees from Ukraine had a minimal impact on most disease rates.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- The COVID-19 pandemic and the 2022 influx of refugees from Ukraine presented unique challenges to Poland's public health surveillance.
- Understanding the epidemiological situation is crucial for effective public health interventions and resource allocation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize the 2022 epidemiological situation of infectious diseases in Poland.
- To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the Ukrainian refugee crisis on disease incidence and mortality.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of published surveillance reports and national infectious disease register data (Epibaza).
- Inclusion of mortality data from Statistics Poland.
- Comparison of 2022 incidence data with historical medians (2016-2020) and previous years.
Main Results:
- COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) cases and deaths decreased significantly compared to 2021, though it remained a leading cause of infectious disease mortality.
- Incidence of influenza, chickenpox, and Lyme disease aligned with pre-pandemic medians.
- Notable increases in tick-borne encephalitis, Clostridioides difficile, norovirus, invasive pneumococcal disease, and sexually transmitted infections were observed.
- Migrants from Ukraine contributed to increased diagnoses of HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B and C, tuberculosis, measles, and rubella, representing significant percentages of new cases for these diseases.
Conclusions:
- Most infectious diseases showed increased incidence in 2022, returning to pre-pandemic trends.
- The overall impact of the Ukrainian refugee influx on most disease rates in Poland was limited.
- Continued surveillance is essential to monitor disease trends and the health of migrant populations.
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