Factors Influencing the Quality of Virtual Reality in Nursing Education: A Systematic Review

Technological advancements have fueled the integration of virtual reality into nursing education, presenting innovative teaching modalities. Nonetheless, a conspicuous gap exists in understanding the influencing factors that impact the quality of virtual reality experiences, thereby challenging educators in creating optimal learning ecosystems tailored to nursing curricula. Adopting the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, a comprehensive search of electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library was performed. Forty-five studies met the inclusion criteria, revealing a broad spectrum of factors affecting virtual reality experience quality. Human-centric factors encompassed cybersickness, accommodation for individuals who wear glasses, and left-handed, elderly, and women users. System-centric issues are mainly limited immersion and inadequate interaction. The synthesis of existing literature underscores the multifaceted nature of factors influencing virtual reality experience quality in nursing education. Recommendations include enhancing immersion and interaction, considering user diversity in design, and fostering international collaborations for content standardization.