The Role and Future of Functional Graphenic Materials in Biomedical and Human Health Applications

Functional graphenic materials (FGMs) are materials derived from graphene oxide (GO) that hold a plethora of applications from electronics to nanomedicine. In this Perspective, we examine the history and evolution of biomedical applications of this carbon-based macromolecule. Following the carbon nanotube (CNT) movement, GO and FGMs became nanocarbons of interest because of their low cost and versatile functionality. The tunable chemistry enabled our work on FGMs coupled with biomacromolecules and allows FGMs to plays an important role in many biomedical applications, from tissue regeneration to controlled delivery. As we work to develop this material, it is critical to consider toxicity implications─in fresh materials as well as in degradation products. With this understanding, FGMs also hold potential roles in human health and environmental sustainability, making FGMs an important contemporary biomacromolecule.