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Area of Science:

  • Animal behaviour
  • Cognitive ecology
  • Avian spatial memory

Background:

  • Spatial cognition is crucial for food-storing birds.
  • Individual differences in spatial memory's impact on caching remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the link between spatial memory performance and caching decisions in wild toutouwai (Petroica longipes).
  • To explore how variation in spatial memory influences natural food-storing behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Wild toutouwai were tested on two distinct spatial memory tasks: a spatial reference memory task and a working memory task.
  • Performance on these tasks was compared with observed caching decisions, including travel distance to cache food.

Main Results:

  • Birds with superior spatial reference memory traveled farther to cache food, potentially minimizing cache pilferage.
  • Females outperformed males in spatial reference memory, and performance decreased with age.
  • Individual toutouwai exhibited varied strategies in the reference memory task, with some using heuristics.
  • No learning was observed in the working memory task.

Conclusions:

  • Individual spatial memory variation significantly influences toutouwai caching choices.
  • Ecologically relevant cognitive tasks are essential for linking cognition and behavior in wild populations.
  • Better spatial memory may confer fitness advantages through improved caching strategies.