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Advanced Intervention Effects of Pulsed and Steady Transcranial Photobiomodulation on Sleep, Mood, and EEG Signal
Xuran Zhang1, Xiaojing Miao1, Hui Jiang2
1School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Background:
Transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) enhances cognitive and emotional states. We compared continuous-wave (CW) and pulsed-wave (PW) tPBM effects on 24 healthy males.
Method:
Participants received 630 nm tPBM at 95 mW/cm2 for 10 min: Sham, CW, or PW (500 Hz). Outcomes were assessed using the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) (for measuring sleepiness), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) (for assessing anxiety), Visual Analog Scale (VAS) (for measuring stress), and Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) (for evaluating depressive symptoms), and 32-channel EEG at baseline, treatment, and rest phases.
Results:
Paired t-tests showed PW tPBM significantly improved sleepiness, anxiety, stress, and depression scores post-intervention (p < 0.05). ANOVA analyses indicated PW tPBM increased Alpha and Gamma band EEG power versus baseline (p < 0.05).
Conclusion:
PW tPBM may improve cognitive and emotional outcomes and modulate brain activity, offering therapeutic insights.
