Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Teeth

Teeth

The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin...

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.

Tooth Anatomy

Tooth Anatomy

The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Distinct BMP-Smad signaling outputs confer diverse functions in dental mesenchyme.

Development (Cambridge, England)·2025

Same author

p63 co-opts the skin Krt8-to-Krt5 transition for enamel organ development.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025

Same author

KMT2D regulates tooth enamel development.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2024

Same author

MLL4 regulates postnatal palate growth and midpalatal suture development.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2024

Same author

MSX1 Drives Tooth Morphogenesis Through Controlling Wnt Signaling Activity.

Journal of dental research·2022

Same author

Moonshot thinking in periodontology.

Journal of periodontal & implant science·2021

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2025

Micro-dissection of Enamel Organ from Mandibular Incisor of Rats Exposed to Environmental Toxicants

Micro-dissection of Enamel Organ from Mandibular Incisor of Rats Exposed to Environmental Toxicants

Published on: March 29, 2018

KMT2D Regulates Tooth Enamel Development.

J-M Lee¹, H Jung¹, Q Tang¹

¹Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.

Journal of Dental Research

|March 19, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The KMT2D gene is crucial for tooth enamel formation, and its disruption causes amelogenesis imperfecta in mice. KMT2D directly regulates genes essential for ameloblast differentiation and enamel development.

Keywords:

amelogenesis cell differentiation epithelium gene expression morphogenesis odontogenesis

More Related Videos

Establishing Organoids from Human Tooth as a Powerful Tool Toward Mechanistic Research and Regenerative Therapy

Establishing Organoids from Human Tooth as a Powerful Tool Toward Mechanistic Research and Regenerative Therapy

Published on: April 13, 2022

Development of Amelogenin-chitosan Hydrogel for In Vitro Enamel Regrowth with a Dense Interface

Development of Amelogenin-chitosan Hydrogel for In Vitro Enamel Regrowth with a Dense Interface

Published on: July 10, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 21, 2025

Micro-dissection of Enamel Organ from Mandibular Incisor of Rats Exposed to Environmental Toxicants

Micro-dissection of Enamel Organ from Mandibular Incisor of Rats Exposed to Environmental Toxicants

Published on: March 29, 2018

Establishing Organoids from Human Tooth as a Powerful Tool Toward Mechanistic Research and Regenerative Therapy

Establishing Organoids from Human Tooth as a Powerful Tool Toward Mechanistic Research and Regenerative Therapy

Published on: April 13, 2022

Development of Amelogenin-chitosan Hydrogel for In Vitro Enamel Regrowth with a Dense Interface

Development of Amelogenin-chitosan Hydrogel for In Vitro Enamel Regrowth with a Dense Interface

Published on: July 10, 2014

Area of Science:

Developmental Biology
Genetics
Biochemistry

Background:

Amelogenesis is vital for tooth enamel formation and protection.
Defects in amelogenesis lead to conditions like amelogenesis imperfecta.
Mutations in KMT2D are linked to Kabuki syndrome and dental anomalies, but its role in enamel formation is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the specific role of KMT2D in the process of tooth enamel formation (amelogenesis).
To characterize enamel defects caused by KMT2D disruption in a mouse model.

Main Methods:

Generated a conditional knockout mouse model with ectoderm-specific deletion of Kmt2d.
Analyzed enamel defects using micro-computed tomography, scanning electron microscopy, histology, and molecular analyses.
Performed RNA sequencing and CUT&RUN sequencing to identify KMT2D targets.

Main Results:

Kmt2d conditional knockout mice exhibited 100% penetrant amelogenesis imperfecta with hypoplastic and hypomineralized enamel.
Neonatal Kmt2d-cKO mice showed subtle cusp alterations and delayed ameloblast differentiation.
KMT2D directly targets genes, including Satb1 and Sp6, crucial for ameloblast differentiation.

Conclusions:

KMT2D plays a critical role in amelogenesis by regulating gene expression essential for ameloblast differentiation.
This study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying enamel development and Kabuki syndrome-related dental defects.