Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers01:08

Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers

2.1K
Step growth polymerization involves bi or multifunctional monomers. Bifunctional monomers react to form linear step growth polymers, whereas multifunctional monomers react to form non-linear or branched polymers.
As the step-growth polymerization involves step-wise condensation of monomers, the molecular weight also builds up eventually. Consequently, high molecular weight polymers are obtained at the late stages of the polymerization, where 99% of monomers have been consumed.
The extent of the...
2.1K
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching01:17

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching

1.9K
The skeletal structure of polymers synthesized via radical polymerization is always branched. For example, the polymerization of ethylene by radical polymerization results in a low-density grade of polyethylene with a heavily branched skeletal structure. Here, the radical site abstracts hydrogen from the growing chain, and the radical site shifts from the end (a primary carbon center) to anywhere within the growing chain (a secondary carbon center). Consequently, the part of the chain from the...
1.9K
Residual Stresses in Bending01:18

Residual Stresses in Bending

145
In the study of elastoplastic members subjected to bending moments, understanding the loading and unloading phases is crucial for assessing material behavior and structural integrity. During the loading phase, as the bending moment increases, the material initially responds elastically, adhering to Hooke's Law, where stress is directly proportional to strain. When the load exceeds the yield strength, plastic deformation occurs, resulting in permanent strain and deformation that remains even...
145
Polymers: Molecular Weight Distribution01:10

Polymers: Molecular Weight Distribution

3.2K
For any given polymer, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is higher than, if not equal to, the number average molecular weight (Mn). The only situation in which the weight average molecular weight and the number average molecular weight are equal is when a polymer consists only of chains with equal molecular weight. However, this never happens in a synthetic polymer, since it is difficult to control the polymerization process up to a molecular level with accuracy to a hundred percent.
3.2K
Members Made of Elastoplastic Material01:19

Members Made of Elastoplastic Material

93
The behavior of elastoplastic materials under bending stresses, particularly in structural members with rectangular cross-sections, is crucial for predicting material responses and understanding failure modes. Initially, when a bending moment is applied, the stress distribution across the section follows Hooke's Law and is linear and elastic. This distribution means the stress increases from the neutral axis to the maximum at the outer fibers, up to the elastic limit.
As the bending moment...
93
Polymers: Defining Molecular Weight01:01

Polymers: Defining Molecular Weight

2.7K
Unlike small molecules with definite molecular weights, polymers are a mixture of individual polymer chains of varying lengths, each with a unique molecular weight.  So, the molecular weight of a polymer is expressed as an average value based on the average size of the polymer chains. The two most common forms of averages used for polymers are the number average molecular weight and weight average molecular weight.
The number average molecular weight (Mn) is the summation of the number...
2.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Controlling the Physical Properties in Hybrid Hydrogel Networks via Tunable Supramolecular Interactions.

Macromolecules·2026
Same author

Cohort profile: The Belgian I AM frontier prospective cohort study for comprehensive health outcome exploration.

PloS one·2025
Same author

Hybridization-based sensor with large dynamic range for detection of circulating tumor DNA in clinical samples.

Biosensors & bioelectronics·2025
Same author

Synthetic plasma pool cohort correction for affinity-based proteomics datasets allows multiple study comparison.

Briefings in bioinformatics·2024
Same author

Insights into elastic properties of coarse-grained DNA models: q-stiffness of cgDNA vs cgDNA.

The Journal of chemical physics·2024
Same author

BioMOBS: A multi-omics visual analytics workflow for biomolecular insight generation.

PloS one·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2025

Author Spotlight: Real-Time Imaging of Bonding in 3D-Printed Layers
04:36

Author Spotlight: Real-Time Imaging of Bonding in 3D-Printed Layers

Published on: September 1, 2023

3.1K

Polymer dynamics under tension: Mean first passage time for looping.

Wout Laeremans1, Anne Floor den Ouden2, Jef Hooyberghs3

  • 1Eindhoven University of Technology, Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Department of Applied Physics and Science Education, and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands.

Physical Review. E
|March 19, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study on polymer looping dynamics under tension reveals that looping time inversely scales with looping probability. Molecular dynamics simulations validate this finding, challenging traditional barrier escape methods for predicting polymer behavior.

More Related Videos

The Mechanics of Poro-Elastic Contractile Actomyosin Networks As a Model System of the Cell Cytoskeleton
08:50

The Mechanics of Poro-Elastic Contractile Actomyosin Networks As a Model System of the Cell Cytoskeleton

Published on: March 10, 2023

720
DNA Nanotubes as a Versatile Tool to Study Semiflexible Polymers
08:00

DNA Nanotubes as a Versatile Tool to Study Semiflexible Polymers

Published on: October 25, 2017

6.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 21, 2025

Author Spotlight: Real-Time Imaging of Bonding in 3D-Printed Layers
04:36

Author Spotlight: Real-Time Imaging of Bonding in 3D-Printed Layers

Published on: September 1, 2023

3.1K
The Mechanics of Poro-Elastic Contractile Actomyosin Networks As a Model System of the Cell Cytoskeleton
08:50

The Mechanics of Poro-Elastic Contractile Actomyosin Networks As a Model System of the Cell Cytoskeleton

Published on: March 10, 2023

720
DNA Nanotubes as a Versatile Tool to Study Semiflexible Polymers
08:00

DNA Nanotubes as a Versatile Tool to Study Semiflexible Polymers

Published on: October 25, 2017

6.8K

Area of Science:

  • Polymer Physics
  • Chemical Dynamics
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Polymer looping is crucial in chemical and biological processes.
  • Existing theories often rely on barrier escape methods, assuming local equilibrium, which may not always be valid.
  • Understanding polymer looping dynamics under tension is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate polymer looping dynamics under tension using the freely jointed chain (FJC) model.
  • Evaluate the validity of traditional barrier escape methods versus an equilibrium looping probability approach.
  • Determine a reliable method for predicting polymer looping dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Analytical derivation of equilibrium looping probability as a function of monomers and force.
  • Molecular dynamics simulations to validate theoretical predictions.
  • Calculation of mean first passage time (MFPT) using the free energy landscape.

Main Results:

  • An inverse relationship between looping time and looping probability was predicted and validated.
  • Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed the predictions of the equilibrium looping probability approach.
  • The barrier escape approach's temporal predictions did not align with observed inverse scaling.

Conclusions:

  • The traditional barrier escape approach provides unsatisfactory predictions for polymer looping dynamics under tension.
  • The inverse scaling between looping time and looping probability is a more reliable predictive alternative.
  • This study offers a refined understanding of polymer looping mechanisms in various systems.