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Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
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Crystal nucleation rates in one-component Yukawa systems.

B Arnold1,2, J Daligault3, D Saumon3

  • 1University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA.

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Summary

We studied crystal nucleation in supercooled Yukawa systems using molecular dynamics simulations. Our findings reveal nucleation rates and predict a significant delay in white dwarf star crystallization.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Astrophysical Sciences
  • Computational Materials Science

Background:

  • Understanding crystallization in supercooled liquids is crucial for various physical systems.
  • The Yukawa system serves as a model for studying phase transitions in charged particle systems.
  • Crystallization in white dwarf stars is a key process affecting their cooling evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate homogeneous nucleation in supercooled Yukawa liquids using advanced simulation techniques.
  • To quantitatively predict crystal nucleation rates and cluster size distributions.
  • To apply these findings to astrophysical scenarios, specifically white dwarf star crystallization.

Main Methods:

  • Employed both brute-force and improved seeded molecular dynamics simulations.
  • Analyzed nucleation rates and cluster size distributions as a function of temperature and screening length.
  • Modeled a typical white dwarf (WD) system to assess crystallization onset.

Main Results:

  • Quantitative predictions for nucleation rates and cluster size distributions were obtained.
  • Observed trends indicate faster nucleation with short-ranged potentials.
  • At temperatures T>0.9T_{m}, classical homogeneous nucleation is too slow, but transient clusters are common.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a quantitative understanding of nucleation in supercooled Yukawa systems.
  • Results suggest a significant delay of approximately 0.6 Gyr in the onset of crystallization for white dwarf stars.
  • This predicted delay may be observable, offering insights into stellar evolution.