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Effect of viewing distance on dynamic visual acuity.

Lien Van Laer1,2, Allison Nogi2, Jorge Serrador3

  • 1Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy/Movant, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.

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Dynamic visual acuity (DVA) is worse at near distances, especially for individuals with vestibular impairments. Near-distance DVA may help monitor gaze stability exercise progress.

Keywords:
dizzinessdynamic visual acuityunilateral vestibular deafferentationviewing distance

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Ophthalmology
  • Vestibular Science

Background:

  • Gaze stability exercises are common for vestibular impairments, but objective progress monitoring is lacking.
  • Near-field gaze stability demands higher eye velocity due to vergence and translational eye rotation.
  • Current methods lack objective tools for tracking patient progress in vestibular rehabilitation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare dynamic visual acuity (DVA) at near and far distances during head yaw and pitch.
  • To evaluate DVA differences between patients with vestibular impairments and healthy individuals.
  • To assess the utility of near-distance DVA as a measure of vestibulo-ocular reflex function.

Main Methods:

  • Included participants with unilateral vestibular deafferentation (UVD), veterans with dizziness, and healthy controls.
  • Collected computerized dynamic visual acuity (DVA) at near (50 cm) and far (200 cm) distances.
  • Analyzed DVA in yaw and pitch planes, comparing near vs. far performance across groups.

Main Results:

  • 94 participants (34 UVD, 24 veterans, 36 controls) were analyzed.
  • Near-distance DVA was significantly worse than far-distance DVA for all participants (p < 0.001).
  • This difference was consistent across all groups and head rotation planes.

Conclusions:

  • Near-distance DVA is more challenging than far-distance DVA, irrespective of head rotation plane or patient group.
  • Near-distance DVA shows potential as a sensitive measure for vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) function.
  • This metric offers a practical tool for patients to self-monitor gaze stability training effectiveness.