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Related Concept Videos

ATP Driven Pumps III: V-type Pumps01:30

ATP Driven Pumps III: V-type Pumps

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V-type pumps are ATP-driven pumps found in the vacuolar membranes of plants, yeast, endosomal and lysosomal membranes of animal cells, plasma membranes of a few specialized eukaryotic cells, and some prokaryotes. They are also known as the V1Vo-ATPase, that couple ATP hydrolysis to transport protons against a concentration gradient.
The peripheral or cytosolic V1 domain with eight subunits is involved in ATP hydrolysis. The integral or transmembrane V0 domain containing at least five subunits...
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ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview01:27

ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview

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ATP-driven pumps, also known as transport ATPases, are integral membrane proteins. They have binding sites for ATP located on the membrane's cytosolic side and the ion-conducting domain in the transmembrane region. These pumps use the free energy released from ATP hydrolysis to move the solutes across cell membranes against an electrochemical gradient.
There are four main types of ATP-driven pumps - P-type, V-type, F-type, and ABC transporter. All these pumps are of varying complexities and...
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ATP Driven Pumps II: P-type Pumps01:34

ATP Driven Pumps II: P-type Pumps

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The P-type pumps are a large family of integral membrane transporter ATPases. They are divided into five major types based on substrate specificity, from I to V.
A typical P-type pump has three cytosolic domains: nucleotide-binding (N), phosphorylation (P), and activator (A) domains. These domains are connected to the membrane-spanning helices by short amino acid segments. ATP hydrolysis and covalent phosphoenzyme intermediate formation are crucial parts of the catalytic cycle. At the highly...
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Primary Active Transport01:47

Primary Active Transport

173.1K
In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps that are embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction...
173.1K
ATP Synthase: Structure01:18

ATP Synthase: Structure

11.8K
ATP synthase or ATPase is among the most conserved proteins found in bacteria, mammals, and plants. This enzyme can catalyze a forward reaction in response to the electrochemical gradient, producing ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate. ATP synthase can also work in a reverse direction by hydrolyzing ATP and generating an electrochemical gradient. Different forms of ATP synthases have evolved special features to meet the specific demands of the cell. Based on their specific feature, ATP...
11.8K
ATP Synthase: Mechanism01:48

ATP Synthase: Mechanism

13.8K
In animals, the mitochondrial F1F0 ATP synthase is the key protein that synthesizes ATP molecules through a complex catalytic mechanism. While the nuclear genome encodes the majority of ATP synthase subunits, the mitochondrial genome encodes some of the enzyme's most critical components. The formation of this multi-subunit enzyme is a complex multi-step process regulated at the level of transcription, translation, and assembly. Defects in one or more of these steps can result in decreased...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2025

Membrane Transport Processes Analyzed by a Highly Parallel Nanopore Chip System at Single Protein Resolution
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Membrane Transport Processes Analyzed by a Highly Parallel Nanopore Chip System at Single Protein Resolution

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V-ATPase-Inspired Artificially Rectified Nanochannel Ion Pumps Using a TpPa-SO3/TiO2-C3N4 Membrane.

Xuejiang Li1, Bingxin Lu1, Jianwei He1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|March 19, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study developed a novel nanochannel membrane that mimics biological ion pumps. The membrane uses light energy to drive cation transport against concentration gradients, mimicking biological energy utilization.

Keywords:
V‐ATPaseion pumpion‐nanochannellight‐poweredrectification

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F1FO ATPase Vesicle Preparation and Technique for Performing Patch Clamp Recordings of Submitochondrial Vesicle Membranes
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Biomimetic Systems

Background:

  • Cation transport pumps are vital for biological energy processes.
  • Existing artificial systems struggle to replicate the efficiency of biological ion pumps.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To fabricate a nanochannel membrane emulating the V-ATPase ion pump mechanism.
  • To achieve light-driven, counter-gradient cation transport.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a TpPa-SO3/TiO2-C3N4 nanochannel membrane.
  • Utilizing TiO2-C3N4 heterojunction for light harvesting.
  • Employing asymmetric visible light irradiation.

Main Results:

  • The nanochannels demonstrated ion rectification and high cation selectivity.
  • Light-driven cation transport against concentration gradients was achieved.
  • A biomimetic entropy reduction process was observed.

Conclusions:

  • The developed nanochannel membrane effectively mimics biological ion pumps.
  • This technology shows potential for advanced ion circuits and energy conversion.
  • The findings expand possibilities in artificial energy utilization systems.