Metagenomic next-generation sequencing identifies native valve Aspergillus fumigatus endocarditis with cerebral...

Area of Science:

• Infectious Diseases
• Neurology
• Medical Diagnostics

Background:

• Aspergillus endocarditis is a rare, often fatal infection, especially in immunocompromised individuals.
• Native valve endocarditis caused by Aspergillus fumigatus presents diagnostic challenges.
• Intracranial complications of fungal endocarditis are uncommon and difficult to diagnose.

Observation:

• A 74-year-old male presented with symptoms suggestive of endocarditis and intracranial infection.
• Blood cultures were negative, complicating the diagnostic process.
• The patient had a native valve infection with Aspergillus fumigatus.

Findings:

• Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) successfully identified Aspergillus fumigatus.
• This is the first documented case of Aspergillus fumigatus endocarditis with cerebral involvement diagnosed via mNGS.
• The diagnosis was confirmed despite an atypical clinical presentation.

Implications:

• mNGS offers a rapid and effective diagnostic tool for rare and severe fungal infections.
• Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for managing Aspergillus endocarditis and its neurological complications.
• This case underscores the importance of considering advanced sequencing techniques in complex infectious disease scenarios.