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Robotic-Assisted Total Hip Arthroplasty Through the Posterior Approach
Maria T Schwabe1, Joseph T Gibian1, Kimberly A Bartosiak1
1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri.
JBJS Essential Surgical Techniques
|March 19, 2025
Summary
Robotic-assisted total hip arthroplasty (THA) using patient-specific spinopelvic data improves hip stability and reduces dislocation risk. This technique optimizes component placement for better outcomes in complex hip arthritis cases.
Area of Science:
- Orthopedic Surgery
- Robotics in Medicine
- Biomechanical Engineering
Background:
- Symptomatic hip arthritis often requires total hip arthroplasty (THA) for pain relief and function restoration.
- Postoperative dislocation remains a concern, even with traditional component placement.
- Altered hip-spine kinematics can lead to functional malpositioning and instability.
Purpose of the Study:
- To present a technique for robotic-assisted THA via the posterior approach.
- To incorporate patient-specific spinopelvic kinematic data.
- To maximize impingement-free range of motion and minimize dislocation risk.
Main Methods:
- Preoperative CT scans and lateral lumbar radiographs to create 3D models and assess spinopelvic kinematics.
- Robotic software utilization for component positioning based on individual patient data.
- Standard posterior approach with robotic guidance for precise acetabular and femoral component implantation.
Main Results:
- The technique allows for precise component placement tailored to individual hip-spine relationships.
- Robotic assistance aims to optimize leg length, offset, and overall hip stability.
- Potential for reduced rates of dislocation and revision compared to manual techniques.
Conclusions:
- Robotic-assisted THA with spinopelvic kinematic data offers a tailored approach to improve hip stability.
- This technique is particularly beneficial for patients with abnormal spinopelvic kinematics.
- It holds promise for excellent clinical outcomes and reduced complications in total hip replacement.
