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Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts

Published on: January 29, 2018

Reevaluating skeletal sex estimation practices in forensic anthropology.

Alexandra R Klales¹, Kate M Lesciotto²

¹Washburn University, Topeka, Kansas, USA.

Journal of Forensic Sciences

|March 19, 2025

Summary

Forensic anthropologists prefer using both qualitative and quantitative methods for skeletal sex estimation, with the pelvis favored for morphology and FORDISC for metrics. Reporting practices vary, highlighting the need for standardization.

Keywords:

best practices biological profile forensic anthropology practitioner preferences sex estimation standardization survey research

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Area of Science:

Forensic Anthropology
Biological Anthropology

Background:

Standardization of biological profile estimation is crucial in forensic anthropology.
Understanding practitioner preferences for skeletal sex estimation methods is a necessary step toward this standardization.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess current practices and preferences in skeletal sex estimation among forensic anthropologists in the United States.
To identify preferred methods, reporting strategies, and factors influencing method selection.

Main Methods:

An electronic survey was distributed to individuals practicing skeletal sex estimation in forensic anthropology.
One hundred eighteen practitioners responded, detailing their background, case experience, and method preferences.

Main Results:

Nearly all respondents (99.0%) use both qualitative and quantitative approaches, employing multiple methods in casework.
The pelvis is the preferred morphological indicator, while the FORDISC program is favored for metric analysis.
Practitioner preferences emphasize method validity, reliability, user experience, and cost-effectiveness.

Conclusions:

While preferences for morphological (pelvis) and metric (FORDISC) methods remain consistent, the adoption of new techniques since 2012 has influenced practitioner choices.
Considerable variation exists in how final sex estimates are determined and reported, underscoring the need for standardized reporting guidelines.