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Tregs in pregnancy with type 1 diabetes mellitus: pilot study
Juliana Malafaia Von1, Rosiane Mattar1, Erika Ono1
1Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Department of Obstetrics - São Paulo (SP), Brazil.
Revista Da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992)
|March 19, 2025
Summary
Pregnancy in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients alters regulatory T cell (Treg) profiles. Pregnant women showed fewer CD4+CD25high, CD4+CD25low, and CD8 Treg cells compared to non-pregnant controls.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Endocrinology
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine
Background:
- Type 1 diabetes mellitus in pregnancy is linked to adverse outcomes, potentially due to hyperglycemia and altered maternal-fetal interactions.
- Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a crucial role in immune regulation and may be affected by pregnancy in diabetic patients.
Purpose of the Study:
- To characterize the peripheral blood regulatory T cell profile in pregnant versus non-pregnant women with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Main Methods:
- A prospective case-control study involving 36 women with type 1 diabetes mellitus (16 pregnant, 20 non-pregnant).
- Peripheral blood samples analyzed using flow cytometry to assess T cell subpopulations, including CD4+ Treg (CD4+CD25+CD127-FOXP3+) and CD8+ Treg (CD8+CD25+FOXP3+).
- Analysis included quantification of CD4+CD25high and CD4+CD25low subsets.
Main Results:
- Pregnant women with type 1 diabetes mellitus exhibited a lower percentage of CD4+CD25high, CD4+CD25low, and CD8+ Treg cells compared to non-pregnant controls.
- An increased percentage of total CD8+ lymphocytes was observed in pregnant women.
Conclusions:
- Pregnancy is associated with distinct changes in the circulating Treg cell profile in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
- These Treg profile alterations may be linked to pregnancy outcomes in this patient population.
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