Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 11, 2026
07:47
Experimental Human Pneumococcal Carriage
Published on: February 15, 2013
15.4K
PCV13-Serotype Breakthrough Pneumococcal Disease in Infants Receiving High-Valency Conjugate Vaccines:
Kevin M Bakker1, Rachel J Oidtman1, Natalie Banniettis2
1Health Economic and Decision Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA.
Infectious Diseases and Therapy
|March 19, 2025
Summary
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) models show PCV15 reduces breakthrough invasive pneumococcal disease (bIPD) in infants. PCV20 may increase bIPD cases, particularly from PCV7 serotypes with a 3+1 regimen.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Vaccinology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) are evolving to cover more serotypes.
- Increased valency may reduce vaccine immunogenicity, potentially leading to breakthrough disease.
Purpose of the Study:
- To mathematically model the impact of PCV15 versus PCV20 on breakthrough invasive pneumococcal disease (bIPD) in French infants.
- To compare bIPD incidence across different serotype classes (PCV7, PCV13-nonPCV7-nonST3, ST3) under various vaccination regimens.
Main Methods:
- Utilized a mathematical model calibrated with IPD data from 2000-2019 in France.
- Predicted serotype-specific vaccine effectiveness for PCV15 and PCV20.
- Evaluated bIPD incidence in infants (0-12 months) comparing PCV15 and PCV20 (2+1 or 3+1 regimens) against 2019 IPD levels.
Main Results:
- PCV15 (2+1 regimen) resulted in fewer bIPD cases in infants compared to PCV20 (any regimen), particularly for ST3 serotypes.
- PCV15 reduced bIPD incidence across all evaluated serotype classes (-28% to -89%).
- PCV20 increased bIPD cases from PCV7 serotypes (+65% to +350%) and, in a 2+1 regimen, also increased PCV13-nonPCV7-nonST3 and ST3 cases.
Conclusions:
- PCV15 in a 2+1 regimen is projected to decrease bIPD incidence for all PCV13 serotypes in infants.
- PCV20 with a 2+1 regimen may significantly increase infant bIPD due to PCV13 serotypes.
- PCV20 with a 3+1 regimen might lead to a resurgence of bIPD caused by PCV7 serotypes in infants.
Keywords:
Breakthrough diseaseDynamic transmission modelInfantPneumococcal infectionsPneumococcal vaccinesMore Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:30Pneumonia I: Introduction
Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
01:29Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology
The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
01:28Pneumonia IV: Management
The treatment of pneumonia varies based on its severity and the causative pathogen. Here is a structured approach to managing pneumonia, integrating pharmaceutical and supportive care strategies.
Bacterial Pneumonia Treatment
For bacterial pneumonia, antibiotics serve as the cornerstone of therapy. Initial treatment often begins with empirical antibiotics, tailored to the anticipated causative organism and adjusted based on culture results. Key antibiotic choices include:
Bacterial Pneumonia Treatment
For bacterial pneumonia, antibiotics serve as the cornerstone of therapy. Initial treatment often begins with empirical antibiotics, tailored to the anticipated causative organism and adjusted based on culture results. Key antibiotic choices include:
01:30Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention
Nursing management of pneumonia involves promoting airway patency, facilitating rest and conserving energy, encouraging fluid intake, maintaining nutrition, and educating patients.
The nurse must practice strict medical asepsis and adhere to infection control guidelines to minimize healthcare-associated infections.
Enhance airway patency
Position the patient correctly to facilitate drainage of the affected lung segments. Manual or mechanical percussion and vibration can also be employed.
The nurse must practice strict medical asepsis and adhere to infection control guidelines to minimize healthcare-associated infections.
Enhance airway patency
Position the patient correctly to facilitate drainage of the affected lung segments. Manual or mechanical percussion and vibration can also be employed.
01:22Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction
Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...
01:29Pneumonia I: Introduction
Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that leads to inflammation of the lung parenchyma, often resulting in the accumulation of inflammatory exudate in the alveoli and airways. Unlike the watery, low-protein fluid exudate in pulmonary edema, the exudate in this case is a thick fluid rich in immune cells, proteins, and debris produced during infection and inflammation.This impairs gas exchange and can lead to consolidation of lung tissue. The infection may be caused by a...