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Responses to Heat and Cold Stress

Responses to Heat and Cold Stress

Every organism has an optimum temperature range within which healthy growth and physiological functioning can occur. At the ends of this range, there will be a minimum and maximum temperature that interrupt biological processes.

Specialized Care Centers and Settings-II

Specialized Care Centers and Settings-II

Rural Health Centers
Rural health centers are specialized care facilities in remote locations with very few medical personnel. The primary care providers who run the centers are mostly Registered Nurse Practitioners. Here, emergency treatment is provided to critically ill or injured patients before they are transferred to the closest hospital. Fortunately, due to advancement in technology, many rural healthcare facilities and professionals have easy access to diagnostic and treatment...

Factors Affecting Body Temperature

Factors Affecting Body Temperature

As a nurse, it is vital to understand the factors affecting body temperature to monitor variations and effectively evaluate deviations from regular.
Factors may include:

Methods of reducing fever

Methods of reducing fever

The signs and symptoms of fever include hot and dry skin, flushed face, thirst, muscle aches, anorexia, headache, tachycardia, tachypnea, and fatigue. Elevated body temperature is reduced using two methods: pharmacological and nonpharmacological. Proper identification and treatment of the root cause of a fever is of utmost importance.
Pharmacological Methods of Reducing Fever:

Decreased Body Temperature

Decreased Body Temperature

A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by sustained extreme cold exposure, and severe...

Homeostatic Imbalances in Body Temperature

Homeostatic Imbalances in Body Temperature

Hyperthermia occurs when the body's temperature becomes unusually high, often due to heat exposure, intense physical activity, or certain illnesses. This condition can create a dangerous cycle where elevated body temperature increases the metabolic rate, generating more heat and potentially leading to organ failure and brain damage. A severe form of hyperthermia, called heat stroke, can raise body temperature to life-threatening levels. Fever, on the other hand, is a controlled form of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Esophageal Heat Transfer for Patient Temperature Control and Targeted Temperature Management

Esophageal Heat Transfer for Patient Temperature Control and Targeted Temperature Management

Published on: November 21, 2017

Heat-Related Health Risks for People Experiencing Homelessness: A Rapid Review.

Jolly Noor¹, Mariya Bezgrebelna¹, Nick Kerman¹

¹Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Journal of Urban Health : Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine

|March 19, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Extreme heat severely impacts people experiencing homelessness (PEH), increasing health risks and healthcare burdens. Addressing their unique vulnerabilities through improved housing and accessible resources is crucial for mitigating these dangers.

Keywords:

Climate change Extreme heat Health impacts Heat-related illness Homelessness Public health Vulnerability

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Area of Science:

Public Health
Environmental Health
Social Determinants of Health

Background:

Extreme heat presents a critical public health challenge, disproportionately affecting vulnerable populations.
People experiencing homelessness (PEH) face elevated risks due to outdoor exposure and limited access to essential resources.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize recent research on the health impacts of extreme heat on PEH in high-income countries.
To identify key vulnerability factors, health outcomes, and barriers to care for PEH during heat events.

Main Methods:

A rapid review methodology was employed, systematically searching multiple databases.
Eleven studies published between 2019 and 2024 focusing on PEH and extreme heat were included.

Main Results:

Key vulnerabilities include demographics, pre-existing conditions, and geographic disparities, leading to heat-related morbidity, mortality, and exacerbated mental health/substance use issues.
Emergency department visits significantly increased among PEH during heat events, straining healthcare systems.
Barriers such as limited access to cooling centers, water insecurity, and stigma compound these health risks.

Conclusions:

Urgent interventions are needed to address the unique vulnerabilities of PEH during extreme heat.
Long-term strategies must prioritize housing access and stability to reduce homelessness and heat-related stress.
Inclusive interventions, including accessible cooling centers, water provision, and tailored healthcare, are essential for this population.