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Cascaded-mode interferometers: Spectral shape and linewidth engineering.

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This study introduces a novel waveguide interferometer for arbitrary spectral shaping. It enables precise control over spectral properties like linewidth and free spectral range for advanced optical applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Quantum Mechanics
  • Laser Physics

Background:

  • Interferometers are crucial for optical field manipulation in metrology and sensing.
  • Conventional Mach-Zehnder interferometers have limitations in spectral engineering due to sinusoidal output.
  • Advanced spectral shaping is needed for filtering, routing, and multiplexing applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel framework for arbitrary spectral shaping using multimode interference.
  • To achieve compact and versatile spectral engineering capabilities.
  • To demonstrate independent control over spectral linewidth and free spectral range.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing interference of multiple transverse modes within a single multimode waveguide.
  • Employing designed corrugated gratings for efficient mode coupling and energy exchange.
  • Theoretical modeling and experimental validation of the proposed framework.

Main Results:

  • Demonstration of arbitrary spectral shapes with independently tunable linewidth and free spectral range.
  • Successful application to various orthogonal modes (order, polarization, angular momentum).
  • Experimental validation of the compact multimode waveguide interferometer concept.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed multimode interference framework offers a powerful new method for spectral shaping.
  • This technique provides enhanced flexibility and compactness compared to conventional interferometers.
  • Potential applications include advanced sensing, calibration, metrology, and optical computing.