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Related Concept Videos

Labeling DNA Probes03:31

Labeling DNA Probes

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DNA probes are fragments of DNA labeled with a reporter tag to enable their detection or purification. The resulting labeled DNA probes can then hybridize to target nucleic acid sequences through complementary base-pairing, and may be used to recover or identify these regions.
Radioisotopes, fluorophores, or small molecule binding partners like biotin or digoxigenin, are the most widely used reporter tags for labeling DNA probes. These labels can be attached to the probe DNA molecule via...
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Tagging and Fusion Proteins01:24

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Proteins are involved in several cellular processes and biochemical reactions. Analyzing a specific protein of interest requires it to be isolated from the other proteins in the cell. This is achieved by overexpressing the specific gene in a suitable host to produce large quantities of the target protein. A tag or label is recombined with the gene to produce a fusion protein containing the target protein and the tag. The tags on these fusion proteins can then be used for easy detection and...
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Updated: May 21, 2025

Covalent Labeling with Diethylpyrocarbonate for Studying Protein Higher-Order Structure by Mass Spectrometry
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Exploiting Covalent Chemical Labeling with Self-Labeling Proteins.

Nicola Porzberg1, Klara Gries1, Kai Johnsson1,2

  • 1Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany;

Annual Review of Biochemistry
|March 19, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Self-labeling proteins allow precise chemical tagging of proteins in live cells for advanced imaging. Technologies like HaloTag7, SNAP-tag, CLIP-tag, and trimethoprim (TMP)-tag offer versatile tools for biological research.

Keywords:
chemical biologyfluorescence microscopyfluorescent probesmultiplexed imagingsemisynthetic biosensorssuper-resolution microscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Protein visualization and manipulation are crucial for understanding cellular processes.
  • Self-labeling proteins enable specific, covalent attachment of synthetic probes for chemical labeling in live cells and in vivo.
  • These tags combine synthetic dye properties with genetic targeting for flexible live-cell and high-resolution fluorescence imaging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the development and applications of key self-labeling protein technologies.
  • To explore innovations in protein engineering and substrate design for enhanced functionalities.
  • To highlight the use of these technologies in multiplexed imaging, super-resolution microscopy, and biosensor development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on self-labeling protein technologies.
  • Discussion of protein engineering advancements.
  • Analysis of substrate design innovations.

Main Results:

  • Key self-labeling protein technologies (HaloTag7, SNAP-tag, CLIP-tag, TMP-tag) have been developed.
  • Innovations enable new functionalities such as multiplexed imaging and super-resolution microscopy.
  • These technologies are instrumental in designing novel biosensors and recorders.

Conclusions:

  • Self-labeling protein technologies provide a powerful and modular toolbox for live-cell imaging and biological studies.
  • Ongoing innovations continue to expand their applications in advanced microscopy and biosensing.
  • These tools are essential for future research in complex biological processes.