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Related Concept Videos

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

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Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
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Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

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Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
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Regulated mRNA Transport02:22

Regulated mRNA Transport

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In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing...
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Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

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Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
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Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

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Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
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Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

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Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
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RNA-based Reprogramming of Human Primary Fibroblasts into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
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Targeting mRNA export complex macromolecules THO subunits (Thoc2 and Thoc5) for somatic cell reprograming.

Abdur Rehman1, Haixin Wang2, Chenchen Li3

  • 1Center of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
|March 19, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Researchers identified and structurally predicted THO Complex Subunits 2 and 5 (Thoc2 and Thoc5) to enhance somatic cell reprogramming. Small molecules targeting these proteins offer a novel, non-genetic approach for regenerative medicine.

Keywords:
Drug protein interactionMachine learningMolecular dynamic simulationPrecision medicineProtein structureTHO complex subunit 2 and 5

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Analysis of mRNA Nuclear Export Kinetics in Mammalian Cells by Microinjection
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Analysis of mRNA Nuclear Export Kinetics in Mammalian Cells by Microinjection
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Somatic cell reprogramming converts differentiated cells to a pluripotent state, crucial for regenerative medicine.
  • The THO Complex (Thoc2 and Thoc5) is vital for mRNA export and gene regulation, influencing cellular identity.
  • Understanding Thoc2 and Thoc5 is key to advancing somatic cell reprogramming efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and structurally predict Thoc2 and Thoc5 macromolecules.
  • To explore the role of Thoc2 and Thoc5 in somatic cell reprogramming.
  • To discover small molecules that enhance reprogramming by targeting Thoc2 and Thoc5.

Main Methods:

  • Computational methods for structural prediction of Thoc2 and Thoc5.
  • Machine learning techniques for identifying small molecule binders.
  • Analysis of macromolecular roles in cellular reprogramming.

Main Results:

  • Successfully identified and predicted the structures of Thoc2 and Thoc5.
  • Discovered small molecules with selective binding potential to Thoc2 and Thoc5.
  • Demonstrated a novel, non-genetic strategy to improve reprogramming efficiency and specificity.

Conclusions:

  • Thoc2 and Thoc5 are critical targets for enhancing somatic cell reprogramming.
  • Small molecules targeting Thoc2 and Thoc5 represent a breakthrough for regenerative medicine.
  • This research offers new therapeutic strategies for precise cellular reprogramming.