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HOMA-IR and TyG index differ for their relationship with dietary, anthropometric, inflammatory factors and capacity

Domenico Sergi1, Riccardo Spaggiari1, Edoardo Dalla Nora1

  • 1Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara 44121 Ferrara, Italy.

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice
|March 19, 2025
PubMed

Insights

The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index better predicts cardiovascular risk than HOMA-IR. While HOMA-IR strongly relates to body measurements and inflammation, TyG index is a superior marker for assessing future cardiovascular events.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Health

Background:

  • Insulin resistance is commonly assessed using surrogate indexes like HOMA-IR and the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index.
  • Direct comparison of these indexes regarding their association with cardiometabolic health remains limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index.
  • To evaluate their relationships with anthropometric, dietary, and inflammatory factors.
  • To assess their predictive ability for cardiovascular risk.

Main Methods:

  • 438 subjects aged 55-80 years underwent comprehensive characterization.
  • Spearman's correlation and stepwise multivariable regression analyses were employed.
  • Associations with anthropometric, metabolic, nutritional, and inflammatory markers were investigated.

Main Results:

  • Both HOMA-IR and TyG index correlated positively with BMI, waist circumference, fat mass, blood pressure, IL-18, and CRP.
  • HOMA-IR showed correlation with dietary factors, unlike TyG index.
  • Waist circumference and IL-18 were stronger predictors of HOMA-IR; TyG index, not HOMA-IR, predicted cardiovascular risk.

Conclusions:

  • The TyG index is a superior predictor of cardiovascular risk compared to HOMA-IR.
  • HOMA-IR demonstrates a stronger association with anthropometric, inflammatory, and nutritional variables.
Abstract

Keywords:
Cardiometabolic riskHOMA-IRInsulin resistanceTriglyceride-glucose index

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