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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2025

MRI-guided Disruption of the Blood-brain Barrier using Transcranial Focused Ultrasound in a Rat Model
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The Potential for Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption During Transcranial Ultrasound Super-Resolution Imaging.

Hanjoo R Lee1, Rebecca M Jones1, Phillip G Durham2

  • 1The Lampe Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill & North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.

Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology
|March 19, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Super-resolution ultrasound imaging can disrupt the blood-brain barrier (BBB) at a mechanical index (MI) of 0.78. Safe imaging below 0.78 MI is achievable, with local brain MI below 0.44 preventing significant BBB disruption.

Keywords:
Contrast-enhanced ultrasoundMicrobubbleUltrasound contrast agentUltrasound localization microscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Medical Imaging
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Super-resolution (SR) ultrasound imaging offers enhanced microvascular resolution.
  • Ultrasound with contrast agents can induce blood-brain barrier opening (BBBO).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify blood-brain barrier disruption (BBBD) during 3-D transcranial ultrasound SR.
  • To assess the relationship between mechanical index (MI) and BBBD.

Main Methods:

  • Mice were imaged using 3-D SR ultrasound.
  • BBBD was quantified via fluorescence imaging of dye extravasation.
  • Hydrophone measurements and 3-D simulations estimated local pressure distributions.

Main Results:

  • Significant BBBD occurred at 0.78 MI, but not below this threshold.
  • Local MI in the brain ranged from 0.03 to 0.44 at a transducer MI of 0.64, with no significant BBBD.
  • At a transducer MI of 0.78, local MI ranged from 0.04 to 0.53, with significant BBBD (p < 0.05).
  • The local MI threshold for BBBD was estimated between 0.44 and 0.53.

Conclusions:

  • 3-D transcranial ultrasound SR imaging is achievable below 0.78 MI without significant BBBD.
  • Local MI within the brain is a critical factor for ultrasound-induced BBBD.
  • Careful control of MI is essential for safe application of SR ultrasound in the brain.