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Liquid biopsies in cancer.

Hang Yin1, Manjie Zhang1, Yu Zhang2

  • 1The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, China.

Molecular Biomedicine
|March 20, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Liquid biopsy offers a noninvasive method for cancer diagnosis and monitoring. Analyzing biomarkers like circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in blood can predict patient outcomes and guide treatment decisions.

Keywords:
Circulating tumor DNACirculating tumor cellLiquid biopsyMinimal residual diseasePersonalized medicinePrognosis

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Biomarker Discovery
  • Molecular Diagnostics

Background:

  • Tissue biopsy is the standard for cancer diagnosis but has limitations like insufficient sample collection and intratumoral heterogeneity.
  • Liquid biopsy provides a noninvasive alternative for cancer biomarker detection in peripheral blood, enabling serial sampling.
  • Key liquid biopsy biomarkers include circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), and exosomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current clinical applications of liquid biopsy in cancer management.
  • To highlight the prognostic and predictive utility of liquid biopsy in outcome prediction.
  • To emphasize the role of liquid biopsy in treatment decision-making for cancer patients.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing studies on liquid biopsy biomarkers (CTCs, ctDNA, exosomes).
  • Analysis of correlations between biomarker levels/mutations and patient survival rates.
  • Evaluation of liquid biopsy's potential in assessing treatment response and resistance mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • High counts of CTCs and ctDNA mutations are consistently correlated with lower survival rates in cancer patients.
  • A decrease in CTC counts during therapy may indicate a positive treatment response in advanced cancer.
  • Liquid biopsy provides insights into tumor biology and therapeutic resistance.

Conclusions:

  • Liquid biopsy is a promising tool for noninvasive cancer diagnosis and monitoring.
  • It aids in predicting patient outcomes and informing personalized treatment strategies.
  • Further clinical applications of liquid biopsy in oncology are anticipated.