The Protective Effects of Ferula assa-foetida L. oleo-gum Resin on Diabetic Neuropathy in Animal Models

Ferula assa-foetida L. has traditionally been used to treat various diseases, including infections, asthma, stomach aches, and flatulence. Previous studies have highlighted its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-diabetic, neuroprotective, and nerve-stimulating properties.

This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects and molecular mechanisms of action of the oleo-gum resin from Ferula assa-foetida L. in an animal model of diabetic neuropathy (DN).

The essential oil of oleo-gum resin from Ferula assa-foetida L. was analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometric Analysis. Forty-two male Wistar rats were included in the study, with diabetes induced via streptozotocin (STZ) injection. The rats were randomly assigned to seven groups (n=6 per group) and treated with different doses of Ferula assa-foetida L. extract (100, 200 mg/kg/day) or oil (10, 20 mg/kg/day), alongside appropriate control groups. After a five-week treatment period, samples of dorsal root ganglia (DRG), pancreatic tissue, and blood were collected. Key parameters assessed included blood glucose and insulin levels, motor function tests, oxidative stress protein generation, pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression, and histopathological analyses.

Treatment with various doses of Ferula assa-foetida L. extract or oil, as well as gabapentin, led to significant improvements. These included reduced blood sugar levels, increased insulin levels, and improved glycemic control. Motor function was enhanced, while the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers was significantly reduced.

These findings indicate a promising therapeutic approach for managing DN. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of Ferula assa-foetida L.'s beneficial effects in DN.