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Fabrication of Electrochemical-DNA Biosensors for the Reagentless Detection of Nucleic Acids, Proteins and Small Molecules
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Electrode Modification in Viral Biosensors: A Review.

Amir Hossein Esfandiari1, Zahra Mobarezi1, Hamed Afarande2

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

Current Medicinal Chemistry
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Rapid and accurate viral detection is crucial for public health. Nanoparticle-based biosensors, enhanced by materials like gold and carbon nanotubes, offer sensitive and selective virus identification.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology
  • Infectious Disease Diagnostics

Background:

  • Viral infections pose a significant global health challenge, necessitating rapid and accurate diagnostic methods.
  • The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the critical need for timely viral detection to mitigate disease spread and socio-economic impact.
  • Existing diagnostic methods often lack the speed, sensitivity, or selectivity required for emerging viral threats.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review prominent compounds used in biosensor development for virus detection.
  • To analyze the significance of these compounds in enhancing biosensor electrode performance.
  • To highlight advancements in nanoparticle and nanotube-based biosensors for pathogenic virus identification.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on biosensor materials for virus detection.
  • Analysis of electrochemical performance enhancement by various modifying agents.
  • Focus on nanoparticles, nanotubes, precious metals, and other conductive materials.

Main Results:

  • Nanoparticle and nanotube-based biosensors demonstrate high sensitivity, selectivity, and accessibility for virus detection.
  • Materials like gold, silver, platinum, copper, carbon nanotubes, and iron significantly improve electrochemical performance.
  • These modifying agents enhance biosensor sensitivity and selectivity for accurate viral identification.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced biosensor technologies are vital for rapid and precise viral diagnostics.
  • Strategic modification of biosensor electrodes with nanomaterials and precious metals is key to improving detection capabilities.
  • Continued research in this area promises enhanced tools for combating infectious viral diseases.