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Updated: May 21, 2025

Microfluidic Chip Fabrication and Method to Detect Influenza
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Electro-active evanescent-wave cavity ring-down spectroscopy immunosensor for influenza virus detection.

Shadi A Alnaanah1,2, Aymen H Qatamin1,2, Sergio B Mendes1

  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, USA.

Biomedical Optics Express
|March 20, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a novel immunosensor for rapid influenza A (H5N1) virus detection. The device uses electro-active evanescent-wave cavity ring-down spectroscopy (EW-CRDS) for sensitive and label-free hemagglutinin protein identification.

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Area of Science:

  • Biosensing and diagnostics
  • Analytical chemistry
  • Immunotechnology

Background:

  • Early and accurate detection of viral pathogens is crucial for public health.
  • Influenza A (H5N1) poses a significant threat, necessitating rapid diagnostic tools.
  • Existing methods may lack the sensitivity or speed required for timely intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel immunosensor for label-free detection of influenza A (H5N1) hemagglutinin (HA) protein.
  • To integrate electro-active evanescent-wave cavity ring-down spectroscopy (EW-CRDS) with a sandwich bioassay.
  • To achieve high sensitivity and rapid detection for potential clinical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Functionalization of an EW-CRDS platform with a monoclonal antibody specific to H5N1 HA.
  • Utilizing a sandwich-type bioassay with a secondary antibody conjugated to methylene blue dye.
  • Employing electrochemical modulation to amplify optical signals for sensitive detection.
  • Integration within a micro-electrochemical flow cell for efficient sample handling.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a detection limit of 15 ng/mL for the influenza A (H5N1) HA protein.
  • Demonstrated label-free detection with high sensitivity and reduced background noise.
  • Showcased electrochemical modulation for amplified, surface-specific optical signals.
  • Confirmed the potential for real-time monitoring and rapid diagnosis.

Conclusions:

  • The developed electro-active EW-CRDS immunosensor offers a promising platform for sensitive influenza A detection.
  • This technology enables rapid, reliable diagnosis with ease of operation.
  • The approach holds potential for real-time monitoring of infectious diseases in clinical settings.