Electro-active evanescent-wave cavity ring-down spectroscopy immunosensor for influenza virus detection.

Area of Science:

• Biosensing and diagnostics
• Analytical chemistry
• Immunotechnology

Background:

• Early and accurate detection of viral pathogens is crucial for public health.
• Influenza A (H5N1) poses a significant threat, necessitating rapid diagnostic tools.
• Existing methods may lack the sensitivity or speed required for timely intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a novel immunosensor for label-free detection of influenza A (H5N1) hemagglutinin (HA) protein.
• To integrate electro-active evanescent-wave cavity ring-down spectroscopy (EW-CRDS) with a sandwich bioassay.
• To achieve high sensitivity and rapid detection for potential clinical applications.

Main Methods:

• Functionalization of an EW-CRDS platform with a monoclonal antibody specific to H5N1 HA.
• Utilizing a sandwich-type bioassay with a secondary antibody conjugated to methylene blue dye.
• Employing electrochemical modulation to amplify optical signals for sensitive detection.
• Integration within a micro-electrochemical flow cell for efficient sample handling.

Main Results:

• Achieved a detection limit of 15 ng/mL for the influenza A (H5N1) HA protein.
• Demonstrated label-free detection with high sensitivity and reduced background noise.
• Showcased electrochemical modulation for amplified, surface-specific optical signals.
• Confirmed the potential for real-time monitoring and rapid diagnosis.

Conclusions:

• The developed electro-active EW-CRDS immunosensor offers a promising platform for sensitive influenza A detection.
• This technology enables rapid, reliable diagnosis with ease of operation.
• The approach holds potential for real-time monitoring of infectious diseases in clinical settings.