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Batteries and Fuel Cells

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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...

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Focused Ion Beam Fabrication of LiPON-based Solid-state Lithium-ion Nanobatteries for In Situ Testing

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Filament-Induced Failure in Lithium-Reservoir-Free Solid-State Batteries.

Se Hwan Park¹, Abhinand Ayyaswamy², Jonathan Gjerde³

¹Andlinger Center for Energy and the EnvironmentPrinceton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States.

ACS Energy Letters

|March 20, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Lithium-reservoir-free solid-state batteries fail from fractures and lithium filament growth. Higher stack pressure causes surface fractures, leading to battery short-circuiting.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Battery Technology

Background:

Solid-state batteries offer safety advantages but can fail due to electrical shorting.
Fracture and lithium metal filament formation are key failure mechanisms in lithium-reservoir-free solid-state batteries.
Mechanical stress at the solid electrolyte surface, from electrochemical and mechanical sources, induces fractures and promotes lithium filament growth.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate how applied stack pressure influences failure mechanisms in lithium-reservoir-free solid-state batteries.
To understand the interplay between surface roughness, stack pressure, and stress development.
To identify the critical factors leading to premature short-circuiting.

Main Methods:

Electrochemical experiments
3D synchrotron imaging
Mesoscale modeling

Main Results:

Low stack pressure leads to irregular lithium plating and high local current density, driving failure.
Higher stack pressure promotes uniform lithium plating but induces high tensile stress at surface notches.
Notch-like features on the solid electrolyte surface fracture under high tensile stress, causing premature short-circuiting.

Conclusions:

Stack pressure significantly impacts failure modes in solid-state batteries.
Optimizing surface morphology and controlling stack pressure are crucial for enhancing battery reliability.
Understanding stress concentration at surface features is key to preventing short-circuit failures.