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Optogenetic Manipulation of Neuronal Activity to Modulate Behavior in Freely Moving Mice

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Neurocircuitry and Neuroanatomy in Panic Disorder: A Systematic Review.

Peter Kyriakoulis¹, Clarissa Wijaya², Laiana Quagliato³

¹School of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Health and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia.

Alpha Psychiatry

|March 20, 2025

Summary

This review highlights brain regions like the amygdala and hippocampus involved in panic disorder (PD). Neuroimaging reveals altered activity in these areas, offering insights into PD

Keywords:

etiology neuroanatomy neurocircuitry panic disorder systematic review

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Psychiatry

Background:

Panic disorder (PD) involves complex neuroanatomical and neurocircuitry factors.
Understanding the neural basis of PD remains an ongoing challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

To review and update the understanding of neuroanatomical and neurocircuitry factors in panic disorder.
To synthesize findings from clinical and animal studies on PD pathophysiology.

Main Methods:

Systematic review of clinical studies and a randomized controlled trial.
Literature search conducted via PubMed database following PRISMA guidelines.
Inclusion of 13 human and 3 animal studies.

Main Results:

Neuroimaging studies identified altered activity in the amygdala, hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, thalamus, and prefrontal cortices in PD patients.
Hyperactivation in the brainstem and amygdala suggests a role in fear network activation.
Animal studies demonstrated that activation of the dorsal periaqueductal gray (dPAG) elicits fight-or-flight responses, modeling panic attacks.

Conclusions:

Key brain regions implicated in PD pathophysiology include the brainstem, amygdala, hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, thalamus, insula, and prefrontal and cingulate cortices.
Hypersensitivity in the brainstem and amygdala is crucial for fear network activation in PD.
Further prospective research is necessary to fully elucidate the neuroanatomical sites and fear circuitry involved in PD.