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Macrovascular Function in People with HIV After Recent SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

Ana S Salazar1,2, Louis Vincent3, Bertrand Ebner3

  • 1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.

Journal of Vascular Diseases
|March 20, 2025
PubMed
Summary

People with HIV (PWH) and mild COVID-19 did not show increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk or vascular dysfunction. This suggests well-controlled HIV may mitigate SARS-CoV-2 related CVD complications.

Keywords:
HIVSARS-CoV-2arterial stiffnessflow-mediated dilationmacrovascular function

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • People with HIV (PWH) face higher risks of vascular dysfunction and cardiovascular disease (CVD).
  • SARS-CoV-2 infection is linked to acute CVD complications.
  • Assessing macrovascular function in PWH post-COVID-19 is crucial for understanding CVD risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate macrovascular function as an early indicator of CVD risk in PWH after mild SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • To compare vascular function between PWH with and without a history of COVID-19.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited PWH (20-60 years) with undetectable viral load, on stable antiretroviral therapy, and mild COVID-19 history.
  • Excluded participants with diabetes, end-stage renal disease, or pre-existing heart/respiratory conditions.
  • Assessed macrovascular function (flow-mediated dilation, arterial stiffness) and compared CVD risk factors between groups matched 1:1 to pre-pandemic PWH.

Main Results:

  • 17 PWH with COVID-19 (PWH/COV+) were matched with 17 PWH without COVID-19 (PWH/COV-).
  • Groups were comparable in age, sex, BMI, HIV duration, and CVD risk factors (cholesterol, blood pressure).
  • No significant differences were found in flow-mediated dilation or arterial stiffness 30 days post-SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Conclusions:

  • Recent SARS-CoV-2 infection did not lead to macrovascular dysfunction or increased CVD risk in PWH.
  • CVD risk may not be elevated in PWH with well-controlled HIV who avoid CVD complications from SARS-CoV-2 infection.