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Perceived Accessibility of Living Environment and Services Questionnaire: Validity and Reliability.
1Ariel University, Israel.
OTJR : Occupation, Participation and Health
|March 20, 2025
Summary
The Perceived Accessibility of Living Environment and Services (PALES) questionnaire reliably measures neighborhood accessibility for older adults. This tool is validated for assessing environmental factors impacting daily life participation and quality of life.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology and Environmental Health
- Rehabilitation and Accessibility Research
Background:
- Living environment accessibility significantly impacts daily activity participation and quality of life (QoL) for older adults and individuals with disabilities.
- Objective assessment tools are needed to evaluate the perceived accessibility of the immediate neighborhood environment for this population.
Purpose of the Study:
- To test the reliability and validity of the Perceived Accessibility of Living Environment and Services questionnaire (PALES).
- To establish PALES as a suitable instrument for assessing neighborhood accessibility among older adults.
Main Methods:
- Expert review and feedback from specialists in gerontology and accessibility.
- A sample of 495 older adults (≥60 years), with and without disabilities, participated.
- Validity assessed through construct (between-group differences, correlations with WHO QoL), criterion (participant-researcher agreement), and reliability (test-retest) measures.
Main Results:
- The PALES demonstrated strong content validity.
- Excellent test-retest reliability (r = 0.892, p < .001) and criterion validity (r = .826, p < .001) were observed.
- Significant between-group differences (t(493) = -6.591, p < .001), convergent (r = 0.41-0.31, p < .001), and discriminant validity (r = 0.16-0.14, p < .001) supported its construct validity.
Conclusions:
- The Perceived Accessibility of Living Environment and Services questionnaire (PALES) is a reliable and valid instrument.
- PALES is suitable for assessing the perceived accessibility of the immediate neighborhood environment for older adults.
- Findings support the use of PALES to inform interventions aimed at improving environmental accessibility and QoL.
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