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Animal Mitochondrial Genetics

Animal Mitochondrial Genetics

Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2025

Light-mediated Reversible Modulation of the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway during Cell Differentiation and Xenopus Embryonic Development

Light-mediated Reversible Modulation of the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway during Cell Differentiation and Xenopus Embryonic Development

Published on: June 15, 2017

Controllable mitochondrial regulation based on photo-triggered DNA circuitry.

Songyuan Du^1,2, Longyi Zhu¹, Xinyi Ge^1,2

¹School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China. kwren@njust.edu.cn.

Journal of Materials Chemistry. B

|March 20, 2025

Summary

This study introduces a light-activated DNA circuit to control mitochondria within living cells. This novel approach successfully repaired cells under oxidative stress, offering potential for precision therapy.

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Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Molecular Biology
Cell Biology

Background:

DNA circuits offer precise control over biomolecules and reactions.
Current DNA circuit applications have limitations in regulating intracellular organelles like mitochondria.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a photo-triggered strategy for regulating mitochondria in living cells.
To utilize hybridization chain reaction (HCR) for spatiotemporal control of mitochondrial function.

Main Methods:

Designed a DNA circuit with photocleavable initiators and triphenylphosphine-tagged hairpins for mitochondrial binding.
Triggered DNA assembly using UV light to initiate HCR in living cells.
Observed the formation of long DNA polymers and their effect on mitochondria.

Main Results:

Successfully demonstrated photo-triggered HCR for mitochondrial regulation.
Showcased the ability of the DNA circuit to repair cells experiencing reactive oxygen species (ROS) stress.
Validated the spatiotemporal control over intracellular mitochondria.

Conclusions:

Developed a novel photo-triggered mitochondrial regulation strategy using DNA circuits and HCR.
This method offers precise control over mitochondria, with potential applications in precision therapy.
The strategy successfully mitigated ROS-induced cellular damage.