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Updated: May 21, 2025

Human Circadian Phenotyping and Diurnal Performance Testing in the Real World
Published on: April 7, 2020
Chronotype, sleep, and glycemic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a case-control study
Gulay Can Yilmaz1, Mehmet Karadag2
1Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, 175646 Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Faculty of Medicine , Muğla, Türkiye.
Objectives:
This study aimed to explore the relationships between sleep parameters, chronotype preferences, and glycemic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1DM), compared to healthy peers.
Methods:
A total of 96 children and adolescents with T1DM and 95 healthy controls aged 8-18 years participated in this case-control study. Anthropometric measurements were collected, and participants completed the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Glycemic control was assessed using HbA1c levels.
Results:
Children with T1DM demonstrated significantly shorter sleep durations, poorer sleep quality, and a later chronotype compared to controls (p<0.05). Poor glycemic control (HbA1c>7.5 %) was observed in 72.9 % of the T1DM group, with 34.3 % exhibiting very poor control (HbA1c>9 %). Logistic regression identified poor sleep quality (PSQI score, OR: 1.47, p<0.001) and later chronotype (OR: 5.14, p<0.01) as independent predictors of poor glycemic control. Generalized linear modeling (GLM) further revealed significant associations between HbA1c levels, insulin dosage (p<0.001), and chronotype (p=0.090).
Conclusions:
Late chronotype and poor sleep quality are closely linked to suboptimal glycemic control in pediatric T1DM populations. These findings underscore the importance of integrating sleep-focused strategies into routine diabetes management.
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