Paternal perinatal mental health support: fathers' perspectives on barriers, facilitators, and preferences

The perinatal period is a time of increased vulnerability to psychological distress. Paternal mental wellbeing is linked to both maternal and child wellbeing. Paternal mental health problems are common in the perinatal period. Men, however, report a lack of therapeutic support. This study focused on the experiences of fathers with poor mental health during the perinatal period, who had a biological child under the age of two and a half, and explored their perceptions of barriers and facilitators to, and preferred sources of, mental health support. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with eight participants and an experiential thematic analysis conducted. Three main themes were identified; "Fathers are not the priority (sub-themes of "Deprioritised", "Masculinity"), "The perinatal period is unique" (sub-themes of "Needing to be prepared", "Stretched resources", "Disconnection from partner") and "Dad specific support" (sub-themes of "Someone to speak to", "Actively offered"). These themes identified barriers of exclusion by, and lack of information from, services, prioritisation of the mother and baby, stigma, masculine norms, and emotional, financial, and time pressure. Facilitators identified included healthcare professionals focusing on the father's mental health and providing signposting, and fathers receiving support from their partner. Participants valued opportunities for greater social connection but their preferred mental health provision was one-to-one, personalised support that was actively offered and targeted specifically at fathers. This study highlights the universal need for greater awareness of paternal mental health in the perinatal services and the necessity for accessible, appropriate, and timely support.