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Racial Disparities in Endometrial Cancer Incidence and Outcomes in Brazil: Insights From Population-Based Registries
Andréia Cristina de Melo1, Jessé Lopes da Silva1, Eduardo Paulino1
1Division of Clinical Research and Technological Development, Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
JCO Global Oncology
|March 20, 2025
Summary
Endometrial cancer (EC) incidence is rising faster in Black women in Brazil, who also face socioeconomic disadvantages. Targeted public health efforts are crucial for improving EC detection and care for this group.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Endometrial cancer (EC) is a significant gynecologic malignancy.
- Understanding ethnic disparities in EC incidence and mortality is crucial for public health.
- Brazil presents a unique demographic landscape for studying cancer trends.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze endometrial cancer incidence and mortality trends across ethnic groups in Brazil.
- To investigate demographic and clinicopathological factors associated with EC trends.
- To compare EC trends between White and Black women in Brazil.
Main Methods:
- Utilized Brazilian Population-Based Cancer Registries (PBCRs) for incidence data (2010-2015).
- Analyzed clinical and sociodemographic data from Hospital-Based Cancer Registries (2000-2019).
- Examined mortality data from the National Mortality Information System (2000-2021) for ethnic comparisons.
Main Results:
- Black women constituted 35.7% of 32,831 EC cases (2010-2015), diagnosed younger than White women.
- EC incidence increased significantly in Black women (APC +6.7%) versus White women (APC +3.0%).
- Black patients faced higher rates of single living, alcohol/tobacco use, and resided in less developed regions with lower education; White women had higher mortality rates but a steeper decline.
Conclusions:
- Racial disparities in EC incidence and mortality in Brazil are linked to socioeconomic factors affecting Black women.
- Targeted public health initiatives are essential for enhancing early detection and equitable care for Black women.
- Addressing social determinants of health is key to reducing EC disparities.
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