Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 21, 2025

Nasal Brushing Sampling and Processing Using Digital High Speed Ciliary Videomicroscopy – Adaptation for the COVID-19 Pandemic
Published on: November 7, 2020
Enumeration 2024: What We Know and What We Wish We Knew About the Governmental Public Health Workforce in a COVID-19
Jonathon P Leider1, Casey P Balio1, Rachel Hogg-Graham1
1Jonathon P. Leider, Nicole M. Weiss, Abby Vogel, Sezen O. Onal, Xiao Zang, Harshada Karnik, Bibin Joseph, and Morgan Pak are with the Center for Public Health Systems, Division of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis. Casey P. Balio and Nathan Dockery are with the Center for Rural Health Research, Department of Health Services Management and Policy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City. Rachel Hogg-Graham is with the College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington. Paula Kett and Betty Bekemeier are with the Center for Health Workforce Studies, University of Washington, Seattle. Joyce Edmonds is with the Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Amy Belflower Thomas is with the Public Health Accreditation Board, Alexandria, VA.
Abstract:
Objectives. To expand on previous enumerations by assessing the size and composition of the governmental public health workforce in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, identifying workforce trends, occupational distributions, and potential gaps in staffing. Methods. From 2023 to 2024, using 2022 data in the United States, we conducted 3 distinct analyses: (1) estimating the total workforce size, (2) profiling occupation-specific distributions, and (3) evaluating the role and prevalence of public health nurses using novel data sources. For total counts, we used multiple imputation by chained equations to develop robust agency-level estimates and address missingness from multiple data sets. Results. State and local public health agencies grew to approximately 239 000 staff in 2022, up from an estimated 206 500 in 2019. The largest occupation groups included office and administrative support workers (37 576) and public health or community health nurses (29 387). We found that 73 478 (1.8%) of registered nurses nationwide served in governmental public health roles. Conclusions. The size of the workforce during the COVID-19 response has returned to 2008 levels although temporary staff largely constitute the increase. Public Health Implications. An undersized workforce leaves the United States vulnerable to future disasters and current challenges. (Am J Public Health. 2025;115(5):707-715. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307960).
More Related Videos
09:26Quantification and Whole Genome Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Wastewater and Air Samples
Published on: June 30, 2023
10:53Concentration of Virus Particles from Environmental Water and Wastewater Samples Using Skimmed Milk Flocculation and Ultrafiltration
Published on: March 17, 2023
Related Concept Videos
Healthcare Agencies II
Parish nursing is a growing specialty nursing profession that focuses on holistic healthcare, health promotion, and illness prevention. It blends professional nursing practice with a health ministry, focusing on health and healing within the context of a Christian community. Parish nurses serve as health educators, referral sources,...
International Nursing Organizations II
The WHO provides expert team support, including funding, vaccines, testing, and treatment tools at the country level to fight...
Primary Healthcare Services
In 1978, international leaders convened in Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan, for what would be a pivotal event in global health. The Alma-Ata Declaration was the first to call...
Principles of Disease Surveillance
Steps in Outbreak Investigation
Healthcare Agencies I