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Temperature effects on development and lifelong behavior in zebrafish.

Augusto Monteiro de Souza1, Francisco Carlos da Silva Junior2, Éntony David Dantas3

  • 1Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Sen. Salgado Filho 3000, Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil.

The Science of the Total Environment
|March 20, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Global warming impacts zebrafish development and behavior. Extreme temperatures (22°C, 30°C) caused survival issues, developmental defects, and altered behaviors, with higher hsp90a mRNA expression indicating stress adaptation.

Keywords:
BehaviorDanio rerioEmbryoGlobal warmingMalformationOntogeny

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Developmental Biology
  • Ecotoxicology

Background:

  • Global warming intensifies temperature fluctuations, pressuring organism survival and necessitating research into thermal impacts.
  • Understanding temperature effects on development and behavior is vital for effective conservation strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of varying temperatures on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo development and behavior.
  • To analyze changes in mRNA expression (hsp90a, hspb1) under thermal stress.

Main Methods:

  • Zebrafish embryos were reared at 27°C (control), 22°C, and 30°C, with monitoring from 24 to 120 hours post-fertilization (hpf).
  • Structural development, hatching rates, and optomotor responses (at 7 days post-fertilization, dpf) were assessed.
  • Juvenile and adult fish underwent acute temperature challenges, followed by behavioral tests and gene expression analysis.

Main Results:

  • Lower survival rates at 22°C; higher hatching rates at 30°C but reduced at 22°C.
  • Temperature extremes induced specific developmental abnormalities (head, pericardial edema, tail malformations).
  • Impaired optomotor responses at 22°C; altered risk-taking and reduced alarm response at extreme temperatures. Elevated hsp90a mRNA at 30°C.

Conclusions:

  • Cooling environments negatively impacted zebrafish growth and survival, while warming induced growth defects.
  • Elevated temperatures presented greater risks, inducing hsp90a expression for stress adaptation.
  • Findings are crucial for mitigating climate change effects on species viability and reproduction.