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Causation, Norms, and Cognitive Bias.

Levin Güver1, Markus Kneer2

  • 1Faculty of Laws, University College London, Endsleigh Gardens, London WC1H 0EG, UK.

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Summary

People judge agents who break unimportant or silly rules as more causal, even when the rules don't affect the outcome. This "Silly Norm Effect" challenges existing theories of folk causality.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Social Psychology
  • Philosophy of Mind

Background:

  • Causal judgments are influenced by normative factors, with norm violators often seen as more causal.
  • Existing theories attempt to explain this
  • Norm Effect

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether violating nonpertinent or "silly" norms affects causal judgments.
  • To test competing explanations for the Norm Effect and propose a new framework.

Main Methods:

  • Five preregistered experiments involving 2,688 participants.
  • Analysis of causal judgments in scenarios with varying norm violations.

Main Results:

  • Participants attributed greater causality to agents who violated nonpertinent or silly norms.
  • This effect persisted even when potential mediators like foreknowledge or foreseeability of harm were controlled for.
  • Findings challenge existing accounts and support a Bias View of norm effects.

Conclusions:

  • The
  • Silly Norm Effect
  • demonstrates that causal judgments are influenced by blame, even for irrelevant norms.
  • This suggests that norm effects in folk causality may stem from blame-driven bias rather than purely cognitive factors.
  • Implications for legal assessments of causation are discussed.