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Related Concept Videos

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction01:15

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction

IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...
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Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...
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Rapid identifying for high-risk Type B aortic dissection populations: A hemodynamic study.

Haoyue Xu1, Chengxin Weng2, Da Li3

  • 1Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.

Journal of Biomechanics
|March 20, 2025
PubMed
Summary

A new, clinician-friendly method quickly calculates blood force on the vessel wall (BFVW), aiding early detection of thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection (TBAD) by identifying higher BFVW magnitudes and altered orientations in patients.

Keywords:
Computational fluid dynamicsMomentum theoremPersonalized blood pressure managementType B aortic dissection

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Medical Imaging Analysis

Background:

  • Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is the standard for calculating blood force on the vessel wall (BFVW), but requires specialized expertise.
  • Thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection (TBAD) is a serious condition where understanding BFVW is crucial for risk assessment.
  • A need exists for a faster, more accessible method to calculate BFVW, particularly in TBAD-susceptible regions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel, non-numerical method for rapid BFVW calculation.
  • To investigate the association between calculated BFVW and the occurrence of TBAD.
  • To assess the clinical utility of the new method for early TBAD risk identification.

Main Methods:

  • A clinician-friendly method based on the momentum theorem was developed to calculate BFVW.
  • The new method was validated against traditional CFD simulations in 30 high-risk TBAD patients and 30 healthy controls.
  • Patient-specific BFVW magnitude and orientation were analyzed and compared between groups.

Main Results:

  • Excellent agreement (R > 0.98) was observed between the proposed method and CFD for BFVW calculation.
  • TBAD patients exhibited significantly greater BFVW magnitudes (23.22 N ± 5.64 N) compared to healthy controls (15.37 N ± 3.08 N, P < 0.01).
  • BFVW orientation differed significantly, with a greater angle to the vertical in TBAD patients versus controls (P < 0.01).

Conclusions:

  • The proposed non-numerical method provides a fast, accurate, and accessible means to calculate patient-specific BFVW.
  • Elevated BFVW and altered orientation are associated with TBAD, suggesting potential as biomarkers.
  • This method can aid clinicians in early identification of individuals at risk for TBAD and inform blood pressure management strategies.